Virus Selsema Di Kuda

2024 Pengarang: Daisy Haig | [email protected]. Diubah suai terakhir: 2023-12-17 03:12

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Kadang-kadang disebut sebagai selesema kuda, influenza kuda adalah salah satu penyakit virus virus berjangkit yang paling meluas di dunia. Di A. S., ini paling sering dilihat pada kuda muda berusia sekitar 2 hingga 3 tahun dan sering dijumpai di lumba lumba. Menyasarkan sistem pernafasan kuda, virus influenza merosakkan lapisan dan selaput lendir di saluran pernafasan haiwan dalam jangka waktu yang agak singkat, dengan masa inkubasi hanya satu hingga tiga hari setelah jangkitan.

Gejala

Seekor kuda dengan influenza kuda mempunyai suhu badan dan hidung yang tinggi, yang biasanya berwarna. Pneumonia juga merupakan jangkitan sekunder yang kerap bagi kuda dengan keadaan ini, kerana sistem kekebalan tubuh mereka terganggu. Jangkitan sekunder ini boleh mematikan pada anak kuda. Dalam kes selesema kuda yang teruk, kuda mungkin mengalami komplikasi jantung dan hati. Tanda-tanda klinikal lain termasuk:

• Batuk kering kering
• Anoreksia
• Kemurungan
• Kadang-kadang sakit otot, dengan keengganan untuk bergerak
• Kadang-kadang kelenjar getah bening membesar

Punca

Terdapat beberapa jenis atau subtipe virus influenza kuda, tetapi salah satu virus selesema yang paling kerap menyerang kuda adalah influenza Jenis A. Semua virus selesema menular dari udara ke kuda, walaupun beberapa kuda hanya pembawa virus, tidak pernah menunjukkan gejala dan kelihatan sihat. Kuda ini, bagaimanapun, masih menular. Virus ini bertindak merosakkan sel-sel yang melapisi saluran pernafasan atas ketika mereplikasi di dalam sel-sel ini.

Diagnosis

Gejala influenza kuda biasanya cukup untuk membentuk sekurang-kurangnya diagnosis awal, walaupun tanda-tanda influenza serupa dengan jangkitan virus pernafasan yang lain. Ini tidak menjadi masalah, kerana semua penyakit pernafasan virus akan diperlakukan sama.

Rawatan

Tidak ada rawatan untuk membunuh virus itu sendiri, jadi pengurusan virus ini berkisar pada perawatan yang menyokong. Rehat adalah yang paling penting; sekurang-kurangnya enam minggu disyorkan untuk membolehkan tisu yang rosak dari penyakit itu sembuh sepenuhnya. Juga penting agar kuda yang dijangkiti influenza ditahan di kawasan yang bersih dan berventilasi baik. Terdapat beberapa bukti bahawa debu yang terdapat di kandang kuda boleh mempengaruhi kuda yang menderita atau pulih dari selesema kuda.

Sekiranya kuda itu dijangkiti jangkitan sekunder kerana selesema, ada antibiotik dan bentuk ubat lain yang akan diresepkan oleh doktor haiwan untuk membuat lendir di saluran pernafasan haiwan menjadi tidak kental, mencairkannya dan membiarkannya dikeluarkan dengan mudah.

Hidup dan Pengurusan

Kehidupan selepas selesema harus kembali normal untuk kuda, kecuali dalam kes yang melampau. Jika tidak, sediakan kawasan yang berventilasi baik dan banyak rehat sehingga dapat pulih dengan cepat.

Pencegahan

Satu-satunya perkara yang dapat mencegah selesema kuda menjadi wabak sepenuhnya adalah vaksin influenza kuda. Kuda yang berisiko tinggi dijangkiti virus ini, seperti kuda pacu atau kuda tunjuk, harus diberi vaksin berkali-kali dalam setahun.