Keracunan Nightshade Di Kuda

2024 Pengarang: Daisy Haig | [email protected]. Diubah suai terakhir: 2023-12-17 03:12

Keracunan Atropa Belladonna di Kuda

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Terdapat sebilangan besar tumbuhan liar yang didapati beracun kepada kuda. Salah satu jenis yang lebih biasa dan sangat beracun adalah tanaman nighthade yang mematikan, atau Atropa belladonna.

Nightshade secara semula jadi tidak menyenangkan kuda, dan sebagai peraturan mereka tidak lebih menyukai rasa tanaman ini daripada makanan merumput yang lain. Lebih sering dimakan secara tidak sengaja ketika bahagian tanaman masuk ke dalam bekalan makanan kuda, mungkin daun yang jatuh dari semak-semak malam dihancurkan bersama rumput, atau ketika ada kekurangan bahan penggembalaan untuk dipilih. Bahagian tanaman yang paling beracun adalah daun dan batang, yang mungkin terdapat di rumput ragut. Tahap ketoksikan menurun pada buah beri, tetapi ia terus menjadi toksik dan boleh bertambah dalam sistem dari masa ke masa, sehingga menyebabkan keracunan kronik.

Ini boleh mempengaruhi kuda dari segala usia, dan tanaman dapat dijumpai di sejumlah lingkungan, paling sering di kawasan berhutan, di sepanjang pinggir jalan, di antara pertumbuhan liar di ladang, dan di padang rumput dan ladang terbuka.

Gejala dan Jenis

• Mulut kering
• Anoreksia
• Murid dilatasi (mydriasis)
• Perubahan degupan jantung (iaitu, kadar tidak teratur atau peningkatan kadar - takikardia)
• Sensitiviti terhadap cahaya, atau buta
• Kekemasan / hipereksitiviti
• Gegaran otot
• Kejang otot
• Sembelit
• Cirit-birit
• Disorientasi
• Kehilangan koordinasi (ataksia)
• Berzikir (berbaring secara berlebihan)
• Kejang
• Kematian (kes teruk)

Punca

Pada akhirnya keracunan akan berlaku ketika kuda itu memakan nighthade yang mematikan (Atropa belladonna). Ini mungkin berlaku semasa kuda sedang merumput atau tidak sengaja jika tanaman itu dicampur secara tidak sengaja dengan makanan kuda. Tumbuhan ini mengandungi sebatian atropin dan sebatian khusus inilah yang menyebabkan tanda-tanda klinikal di atas. Atropine adalah alkaloid antikolinergik. Gejala yang timbul berlaku sebagai akibat dari kemampuan atropin untuk menyekat neurotransmitter yang mengawal fungsi sistem saraf autonomi, seperti fungsi otot, dan pengeluaran cecair dan peluh. Dalam sistem saraf pusat, atropin mempengaruhi persepsi deria dan keupayaan untuk mengatur pemikiran dan tindakan yang dirancang.

Diagnosis

Bersama dengan pemeriksaan penuh, profil darah lengkap akan dilakukan, termasuk analisis kimia klinikal, jumlah darah lengkap, dan urinalisis. Tidak ada ujian diagnostik khusus yang tersedia. Pengenalpastian serpihan tumbuhan dalam kandungan gastrointestinal akan memberikan diagnosis yang pasti, tetapi ini selalunya adalah postmortem.

Rawatan

Sebatian yang dipanggil neostigmine melawan kesan atropin. Sebagai tambahan kepada pemberian ubat ini, diperlukan rawatan sokongan. Arang aktif harus diberikan secara lisan dan doktor haiwan harus memberi cecair IV.

Hidup dan Pengurusan

Sekiranya anda mengetahui tumbuh-tumbuhan nighthade tumbuh di harta tanah anda atau di lokasi yang boleh diakses oleh kuda anda, lebih baik membasmi tanaman ini dari kawasan sekitar.