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Virus Herpes Equine
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Video: Equine Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) Free Webinar (Excerpt) 2024, November
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Virus Herpes di Kuda

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Virus herpes adalah sekumpulan virus yang besar. Sebilangan besar spesies mamalia terdedah kepada sekurang-kurangnya satu jenis virus herpes. Nasib baik, virus ini sangat spesifik spesies, yang bermaksud bahawa manusia tidak menangkap virus herpes kuda, dan sebaliknya. Terdapat lima subtipe yang diketahui pada kuda, tetapi Equine Herpes Virus-1 (EHV-1) dan EHV-4 adalah dua bentuk virus yang paling teruk. EHV-3 adalah jenis virus herpes utama, walaupun biasanya dikaitkan dengan exanthema coital, penyakit kelamin yang dapat menular ke kuda.

Klasifikasi virus herpes kuda yang berbeza mempengaruhi sistem yang berbeza; satu mempengaruhi sistem pembiakan dan neurologi, sementara yang lain menyebabkan masalah pernafasan. Jenis virus juga akan menentukan gejala yang ditunjukkan oleh kuda.

Gejala

Tempoh inkubasi virus bergantung pada subjenis yang mempengaruhi kuda, tetapi biasanya 4 hingga 10 hari, setelah itu gejala berikut dapat dilihat:

  • Demam
  • Pembuangan hidung
  • Kelenjar getah bening yang diperbesar
  • Peningkatan prestasi kecergasan
  • Kelemahan pada kaki belakang
  • Gait pelik
  • Anoreksia
  • Kelesuan

Masalah neurologi mungkin berlaku, seperti kelumpuhan atau pergerakan badan yang tidak terkoordinasi (ataxia), bahkan kejang, ketidakupayaan untuk berdiri, dan kematian. Ini biasanya berlaku pada kes EHV-1. EHV-1 juga boleh menyebabkan pengguguran pada wanita hamil.

Punca

Virus herpes kuda sangat menular dan merebak dari kuda ke kuda dengan cepat melalui penyedutan rembesan pernafasan, serta kontak langsung. Sekiranya karantina yang ketat tidak dipatuhi, ia dapat dilakukan oleh seseorang dari satu kuda ke kuda yang lain. Virus herpes kuda terdapat di mana-mana di A. S. dan cenderung terjadi wabak teruk di sebahagian populasi kuda setiap tahun, biasanya berafiliasi dengan kandang kuda atau pertunjukan yang mempunyai jumlah kuda yang banyak.

Diagnosis

Seorang doktor haiwan dapat membuat diagnosis anggapan virus herpes kuda berdasarkan tanda-tanda klinikal yang ditunjukkan oleh kuda, terutama jika lebih dari satu kuda di lumbung mempunyai tanda-tanda klinikal yang sama. Pengasingan virus boleh dilakukan pada sapuan hidung dari kuda yang disyaki.

Rawatan

Oleh kerana agen jangkitan adalah virus, maka tidak ada penawarnya. Hanya rawatan sokongan yang dapat membantu pemulihan kuda. Virus herpes mempunyai kemampuan untuk tetap tidak aktif di badan kuda dan muncul semula pada bila-bila masa (terutama ketika kuda mengalami tekanan). Dengan cara ini, penyakit ini dapat disebarkan dengan mudah. Apabila berlaku wabak, prosedur kuarantin yang dikeluarkan dengan ketat dan segera akan membantu membendung penyakit ini.

Namun ada ubat-ubatan, seperti antibiotik, yang dapat membantu jangkitan sekunder yang dapat terjadi ketika sistem kekebalan tubuh kuda berusaha melawan jangkitan virus. Ubat-ubatan anti-radang boleh diberikan untuk membantu menjaga kuda selesa dan mendorong kuda untuk tetap makan dan minum.

Hidup dan Pengurusan

Adalah mustahak bahawa kuda yang dijangkiti virus herpes kuda diasingkan dari kuda lain untuk mencegah penyebaran penyakit ini.

Pencegahan

Terdapat vaksin yang dapat memberi kekebalan kepada kuda terhadap virus herpes. Vaksin ini mesti diberikan secara berkala, biasanya setiap tahun, atau kadang-kadang setiap enam bulan jika kuda berisiko tinggi dijangkiti penyakit ini. Bahkan ada vaksin yang dapat mencegah pengguguran pada wanita hamil, gejala yang biasa terjadi pada subtipe virus tertentu. Berunding dengan doktor haiwan anda untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai vaksin ini dan untuk mengetahui apakah itu berguna untuk kuda anda.

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