Jangkitan Bakteria Usus Di Kuda

2024 Pengarang: Daisy Haig | [email protected]. Diubah suai terakhir: 2023-12-17 03:12

Endotoksemia pada Kuda

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Kehadiran endotoksin dalam darah disebut sebagai endotoksemia. Toksin ini umumnya disebabkan oleh adanya beberapa jenis bakteria dalam usus kuda yang telah melanggar dinding usus dan memasuki aliran darah. Sekiranya tidak dirawat dengan segera, endotoksemia boleh menyebabkan kejutan, laminitis, dan kematian. Keadaan ini dapat dilihat pada kuda dewasa dan anak kuda yang baru lahir.

Gejala

Seperti yang dinyatakan sebelum ini, endotoksemia boleh menyebabkan kejutan, lebih khusus lagi kejutan endotoksik. Ini adalah keadaan yang sangat berbahaya yang menyebabkan kemerosotan yang cepat dan akan menyebabkan kematian sekiranya rawatan tidak segera dilaksanakan. Gejala keadaan ini termasuk:

• Kemurungan
• Kelesuan
• Kekeringan
• Anoreksia
• Cirit-birit akut
• Kenaikan kadar nadi (iaitu, melebihi 80 denyutan seminit)
• Membran mukus ungu gelap
• Gejala seperti kolik (mis., Sakit perut, kembung, gas)
• Demam diikuti dengan suhu rendah yang tidak normal

Semasa penyakit itu semakin meningkat, kuda boleh mengalami laminitis, keadaan kuku yang menyakitkan dan melemahkan yang menyebabkan dinding kuku dan tulang di dalam kuku terpisah.

Sebab

Penyebab endotoksemia adalah toksin yang disebut lipopolysaccharide (LPS), yang terdapat di dinding sel bakteria gram-negatif. Beberapa jenis bakteria gram-negatif secara semula jadi terdapat di flora usus dan tidak menyebabkan bahaya melainkan jika kuda itu sakit kerana sebab lain dan bakteria ini mula berkembang biak secara berlebihan dan kemudian melanggar dinding usus, sehingga memasuki aliran darah. Apabila bakteria ini mati, dinding sel mereka pecah, melepaskan LPS ke dalam aliran darah dan menyebabkan endotoksemia. E. coli, Salmonella, dan Enterobacter adalah bakteria Gram-negatif biasa yang menyebabkan endotoksemia.

Beberapa keadaan yang tidak dapat menyebabkan perkembangan endotoksemia termasuk:

• Kerosakan pada penghalang lendir dalam usus
• Keradangan usus kecil
• Usus berpintal
• Kolitis (keadaan usus yang teruk disebabkan oleh tekanan)
• Metritis akut (keradangan rahim yang teruk kerana jangkitan, biasanya dari plasenta yang tertahan)
• Jangkitan umbilikus pada anak kuda
• Pengambilan kolostrum pada foals tidak mencukupi

Diagnosis

Kuda mengidap endotoksemia akibat penyakit serius yang lain dan haiwan ini sudah sangat sakit dan kemungkinan sudah berada di hospital. Endotoksemia didiagnosis oleh tanda-tanda klinikal dan kadang-kadang oleh kultur bakteria darah kuda.

Rawatan

Semasa kes-kes endotoksemia, kuda mesti dirawat dengan segera agar berjaya. Terdapat beberapa kursus rawatan dan rawatan sokongan, termasuk antibiotik intensif, terapi cecair IV untuk membantu mengekalkan hidrasi dan menyokong sistem kardiovaskular, dan pentadbiran ubat anti-radang bukan steroid (NSAID) seperti flunixin meglumine (Banamine), yang membantu kesakitan kuda, mengawal keradangan, dan mengatasi endotoksin. Pemindahan plasma juga kadang-kadang digunakan.

Hidup dan Pengurusan

Endotoksemia adalah keadaan yang sangat berbahaya dan bahkan kes yang mendapat rawatan agresif mungkin tidak pulih. Selain itu, endotoksemia boleh menyebabkan masalah lain seperti laminitis (radang pada kuku) yang boleh melemahkan. Prognosis sangat dijaga untuk kes endotoksemia.